Defining the Downward Palm Block
The Palm Downward Block (Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi) is a defensive technique specifically employed to intercept or 'drop' an opponent’s hand, foot, or weapon attack aimed at the solar plexus and any area below it. This block is categorized generally as a downward block (Naeryo Makgi). The palm (Sonbadak) serves as the primary blocking tool. To create this tool, the practitioner must bend all fingers slightly toward the palm to strengthen the hand. While the palm is chiefly used for blocking, it can occasionally be used for attacking the face.
Execution and Movement Principles
To execute the Palm Downward Block effectively, the blocking tool must reach its point of focus in a circular motion. This distinguishes it from blocks that follow a straight trajectory. The block must be focused at the same level as the defender’s solar plexus at the moment of impact. When performing this block, it is essential to keep the elbow bent about 45 degrees outward at the moment the block is delivered. If the elbow is not bent properly, the vital spot (solar plexus) is exposed, rendering the block ineffective.
Stance Requirements and Block Variations
The Palm Downward Block can be executed from almost every stance, but it is principally performed from the rear foot stance and the L-stance. It is also commonly executed from the walking stance and occasionally the vertical stance. When performed with a walking stance, both the reverse block and the obverse block are possible. Furthermore, both obverse and reverse blocks are possible in this technique, but the outward block is not.
Training Context and Defensive Purpose
In Taekwon-Do patterns, such as Moon-Moo Tul (61 movements), the Palm Downward Block is a component (Movements 25 and 34), where it is immediately followed by a middle side front snap kick. This demonstrates its role in self-defense, transitioning quickly from defense to an offensive follow-up. The low block generally aims to intercept an opponent’s attacking foot or hand directed toward the low abdomen or points below. The palm block focuses on the solar plexus and area below, helping the practitioner regain balance and immediately prepare for a decisive counter-attack.
Relationship to Other Downward Blocks
The Palm Downward Block is one of several techniques used for downward defense, alongside the alternate palm, forearm, twin forearm, knife-hand, twin knife-hand, X-fist, and X-knife-hand, with the straight elbow used in rare cases. In contrast to the Palm Downward Block, the Alternate Palm Downward Block is chiefly performed with the rear foot and L-stances, although occasionally a vertical or bending stance is used. The method of blocking for the forearm downward block remains the same as the palm downward block, but the forearm defends the rib cage rather than the solar plexus.
Specialized Training and Common Errors
For training the Palm Downward Block, stepping drills are utilized. For example, in a forward stepping block, the practitioner moves the left foot to form a right L-stance while simultaneously blocking with the left palm, followed by an immediate counter-attack. A crucial error to avoid is failing to bend the elbow correctly, which exposes the vital spot. The body must become full facing the target at the moment of the block to maximize defense. This block offers a means of defense in many common scenarios, emphasizing that the techniques acquired in patterns and fundamental movements are practical for actual self-defense.